The world of firearms boasts a rich history, and few cartridges hold as much legendary status as the .45 Colt. However, even within this iconic round, there's a subtle but significant distinction often causing confusion: the difference between ".45 Colt" and ".45 Long Colt." While seemingly interchangeable, these terms represent variations in cartridge length and, consequently, ballistic performance. Understanding this difference is crucial for anyone interested in classic revolvers and their ammunition.
Understanding the Terminology
The key to understanding the difference lies in the cartridge's overall length. Both rounds use the same .45-caliber bullet diameter (approximately 0.452 inches). However, the ".45 Long Colt" cartridge is, as the name suggests, longer than the standard ".45 Colt." This extra length accommodates a larger powder charge, leading to a noticeable increase in velocity and energy.
In short: ".45 Colt" is often used interchangeably with ".45 Long Colt," but technically, ".45 Long Colt" is the more precise and complete designation. The shorter ".45 Colt" cartridge is less common and often refers to older, less powerful loads.
Cartridge Dimensions and Performance
The increased length of the .45 Long Colt directly impacts its performance characteristics. Here's a comparison:
| Feature | .45 Colt (Older Loads) | .45 Long Colt (Modern Loads) |
|---|---|---|
| Case Length | Shorter | Longer |
| Powder Charge | Less | More |
| Muzzle Velocity | Lower | Higher |
| Muzzle Energy | Lower | Higher |
| Recoil | Less | Greater |
The differences in muzzle velocity and energy can be significant, depending on the specific ammunition. Modern .45 Long Colt loads offer substantially higher performance than older .45 Colt loads. This can translate to increased accuracy, penetration, and stopping power. However, it also results in more recoil.
Modern Usage and Availability
While older firearms might be chambered for shorter .45 Colt cartridges, most modern .45 Colt revolvers are designed to safely handle the longer .45 Long Colt rounds. You'll find a wide range of .45 Long Colt ammunition available from various manufacturers, offering different bullet weights, designs (jacketed, hollow point, etc.), and power levels.
It's crucial to always check your firearm's manual to confirm the types of ammunition it's rated to handle. Using the incorrect ammunition can lead to dangerous malfunctions and damage to your firearm.
Choosing the Right Ammunition
For modern shooting, using .45 Long Colt ammunition is generally recommended due to its superior performance. Unless you're specifically using a very old firearm designed only for the shorter rounds, there's little reason to opt for the less powerful .45 Colt. Always prioritize safety and verify ammunition compatibility with your specific firearm.
Conclusion
While the terminology surrounding .45 Colt and .45 Long Colt can be confusing, understanding the differences in cartridge length and resulting performance is key to safe and effective shooting. Prioritize checking your firearm's manual and choosing ammunition appropriate for its specifications. With the right knowledge and ammunition, you can enjoy the legendary power and accuracy of the .45 Colt cartridge.
